ESSENTIAL OIL | COMMON (OTHER) NAMES | BLENDS WELL WITH | METHOD OF EXTRACTION | COUNTRY OF ORIGIN | OTHER USES | CAUTIONS |
Allspice
(pimenta officinalis) | Pimento, Pimenta, Jamaica Pepper | Ginger, Geranium Lavender, Ylang-Ylang, Patchouli, and Neroli | Steam distillation of leaves and berries | West Indies, South America, Jamaica | Cosmetics, Perfumery, Flavoring | Skin irritant |
Amyris
(amyris balsamifera) | West Indian Sandalwood, West Indian Rosewood | --- | Steam distillation of wood and branches | Haiti | Perfumery | None known |
Anise Star
(pimpinella anisum) | Anise, Sweet Cumin | Rose, Lavender, Orange, and Pine | Steam distillation of fruit pods | Central & So. America, Indonesia, India | Pharmaceutics, Dentistry | None known |
Basil
(ocimum basilicum) | Basil, Joy-of-the Mountain, European Basil | Bergamot, Clary Sage, Lime, Citronella, Geranium, and Hyssop | Steam distillation of flowering tops | Europe, U.S., Madagascar | Food Industry, Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Bay Laurel
(laurus nobilis) | Sweet Bay, Laurel Leaf, Laurel | Pine, Cypress, Juniper, Clary Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, and Citrus EO's | Steam distillation of dried leaves | West Indies, South America | Perfumery | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Bergamot
citrus bergamia) | Bergamia | Lavender, Neroli, Jasmine, Cypress, Geranium, Lemon, Chamomile, Juniper, and Coriander | Cold pressing of the peel | Italy, Morocco, Guinea | Pharmaceutics, Perfumery, Cosmetics | Skin irritant. Avoid use during sun exposure. |
Birch, Sweet
(betula lenta) | Cherry Birch, Southern Birch, Mtn. Mahogany | Patchouli and Vetiver | Steam distillation of tree bark. | USSR, Holland, German, USA, El Salvador | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics, Food Flavoring | None known |
Black Pepper
(piper nigrum)
| Piper, Pepper | Frankincense, Sandalwood, Lavender, Rosemary, and Marjoram | Steam distillation of dried peppercorns | Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Madagascar | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Cajeput
(melaleuca minor) | Cajuput, White Tea Tree, White Wood, Swamp Tea Tree, Punk Tree, Paperbark Tree | Bergamot, Clove, Lavender, and Rosewood | Steam distillation of the leaves and twigs | Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Australia, Asia | Pharmaceutics, Dentistry, Fragrance and Cosmetics | None known |
Camphor, White
(cinnamomum camphora) | Laurel Camphor, Gum Camphor, Japanese Camphor | Basil, Cajeput, and Chamomile | Steam distillation of wood, roots, and branches | Japan, Taiwan, Egypt, Ceylon, USA | Perfumery, Paint and Lacquer industry, Pharmaceutics | Use with care, a marine pollutant, and environmental hazard |
Cardamon Seed
(elettaria cardamomum) | Cardomom, Cardamomi, Cardomum, Mysore Cardomom | Rose, Orange, Bergamot, Cinnamon, Cloves, Ylang-Ylang, Cedarwood, and Neroli | Steam distillation of the dried seeds | Guatemala, India | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics, Food | None known |
Carrot Seed
(daucas carota) | Wild Carrot, Queen Anne's Lace, Bird's Nest | Cedarwood, Geranium, and Citrus EO's | Steam distillation of the dried seeds | England, France, Europe | Food Industry, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Cassia
(Redistilled)
(cinnamomum cassia) | Chinese Cinnamon, False Cinnamon, Cassia Cinnamon, Cassia Lignea) | Clove, Nutmeg, Orange, Litsea Cubeba, Rose, Bergamot, Lemongrass and Patchouli | Steam distillation | China, India, Madagascar | Dental Preparations, Food Industry | Do not use while pregnant or nursing or on sensitive skin |
Cedar Leaf (Thuja)
(thuja occidentalis) | Swamp Cedar, White Cedar, Tree of Life, American Arborvitae | Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Neroli, and Palmarosa | Steam distillation of the leaves, twigs and bark | No. America, France, Canada | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | External use only |
Cedarwood, Atlas
(cedrus atlantica) | Atlantic Cedar, Atlas Cedar, African Cedar, Moroccan Cedarwood, Libanol | Bay, Bergamot, Cardamom, Clary Sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus, and Lavender | Steam distillation of the wood and sawdust | North America | Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Cedarwood, Chinese
(cedrus deodorata) | None Known | Bergamot, Cinnamon, Frankincense | Steam distillation of the wood and sawdust | China | Soap, Cosmetics | Can cause skin irritation |
Cedarwood, Texas
(juniperus ashei) | Mountain Cedar, Mexican Cedar, Rock Cedar, Mexican Juniper | Patchouli, Spruce, Vetiver, and Pine | Steam distillation of heartwood, and shavings | Mexico, Central America, Texas USA | Soap, Cosmetics, Room Sprays | Can cause skin irritation |
Cedarwood, Virginia
(juniperus virginiana) | Red Cedar, Eastern Red Cedar, Bedford Cedarwood, Southern Red Cedar | Sandalwood, Rose, Juniper, Cypress | Steam distillation of timber waste, sawdust | North America | Soap, Cosmetics, Perfumery | Can cause skin irritation |
Chamomile, German (Blue)
(matricaria recutica) | Blue Chamomile, Matricaria, Hungarian Chamomile, Sweet False Chamomile, Single Chamomile | Bergamot, Lavender, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, and Grapefruit | Steam distillation of the flower heads | England, Hungary, South America, France | Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Chamomile, Moroccan
(ormensis multicaulis) | Moroccan Chamomile | Cypress, Lavender, Lavandin, Vetiver | Steam distillation of the flower heads | NW Africa, Southern Spain | Perfumery | None known |
Chamomile, Roman
(anthemis nobilis) | Camomile, English Chamomile, Garden Chamomile, Sweet Chamomile, True Chamomile | Lavender, Lemon, Tea Tree, Eucalyptus, and Jasmine | Steam distillation of the flower heads | England, Hungary, France, Bulgaria | Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Cinnamon (Leaf)
(cinnamomum zeylanicum) | Ceylon Cinnamon, Seychelles Cinnamon, Madagascar Cinnamon, True Cinnamon | Clove, Nutmeg, Mandarin, Bay, Ginger, Lemongrass, and Patchouli | Steam distillation of leaves and twigs | Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar | Dentistry, Perfumery, Food, Pharmaceutics | Possible skin irritant |
Citronella
(cymbopogon nardus) | Sri Lanka Citronella, Lenabatu Citronella | Geranium, Lemon, Bergamot, Orange, Cedarwood, and Pine | Steam distillation of fresh grass | Madagascar, South America | Perfumery, Household Products | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Clary Sage
(salvia sclarea) | Clary Wort, Muscatel Sage, Clear Eye, See Bright, Common Clary, Clarry, Eye Bright | Lemon, Grapefruit, Lavender, Sandalwood, Cypress, and Black Pepper | Steam distillation of flowering tops, leaves | Spain, USSR, France | Cosmetics, Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Clove
(eugenia caryophyllata) | Clove | Cinnamon, Lemon, Lavender, Allspice | Steam distillation of buds | Philippines, East and West Indies | Perfumery Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Coriander Seed
(coriandrum sativum) | Chinese Parsley | Bergamot, Clary Sage, Black Pepper, Cardamom, Cypress, and Pine | Steam distillation of dried seeds | USSR, India, Italy, Morocco, U.S. | Veterinary, Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Cypress
(cupressus sempervirens) | Italian Cypress, Mediterranean Cypress | Bergamot, Clary Sage, Lemon, Lavender, Eucalyptus, and Rosemary | Steam distillation of needles and twigs | Mediterranean | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Dill Seed
(anethum graveolens) | European Dill, American Dill | Nutmeg, Peppermint, and Citrus EO's | Steam distillation of fruit, seed, herb | Mediterranean | Cosmetics, Food Indus., Pharmaceutics | None known |
Eucalyptus 80/85
(eucalyptus globulus)
Numbers refer to the eucalyptol content | Tasmanian Blue Gum,
Fever Tree, Stringy Bark | Lavender, Rosemary, Peppermint, Red Thyme, Cypress, and Grapefruit | Steam distillation of fresh leaves, twigs | Australia, China, Spain, Brazil, California (US) | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | External use only |
Lemon Eucalyptus
(eucalyptus citriodora) | Lemon-Scented Gum, Citron-Scented Gum, Scented Gum Tree, Spotted Gum, Boabo | Basil, Black Pepper, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Clove, and Vetiver | Steam distillation leaves and twigs | Australia, Brazil, China, India, South Africa | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | External use only |
Sweet Fennel
(foeniculum vulgare) | Fenkel | Juniper, Lavender, Bergamot, Lemon, Marjoram, Niaouli, and Pine | Steam distillation of seeds | Japan, India, Russia, Romania, No. Europe | Food Indus, Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. Do not use if epileptic. |
Fir Needle
(abies siberica) | White Spruce, Silver Fir, Edeltanne, Weisstanne, Templin | Pine, Cedarwood, Lavender, and Rosemary | Steam distillation from the needles and twigs | Switzerland, Poland, Germany, France | Cosmetics, Perfumery | None known |
Frankincense
(boswellia thurifera) | Olibanum,
Gum Thus | Cypress, Orange, Sandalwood, Neroli, Rose, Clary Sage, and Patchouli | Steam distillation of rosin | Somalia, China, Ethiopia, So. Arabia | Religion, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Geranium, Rose
(pelargonium graveolens) | Rose Geranium, Chinese Geranium | Lemon, Grapefruit, Lavender, Rose, Sandalwood, and Juniper | Steam distillation of leaves, stalks, flowers | Egypt, China, France, Algeria, USSR | Perfumery, Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Ginger
(zingiber officinale) | Commin Ginger, Jamaica Ginger | Palmarosa, Mandarin, Ylang-Ylang, Juniper, Lime, and Coriander | Steam distillation of ground, dried root | China, Japan, India, West Africa | Perfumery, Food Industry | Avoid use during sun exposure. |
Grapefruit, White
(citrus paradisi) | White Grapefruit, Shaddock | Ginger, Juniper, Cypress, Clary Sage, Clove and Frankincense | Cold pressing of the peel | Israel, United States | Food Industry, Cosmetics, Perfumery | None known |
Grapefruit, Pink
(citrus paradisi) | Pink Grapefruit | Ginger, Juniper, Cypress, Clary Sage, Clove and Frankincense | Cold pressing of the peel | Israel, United States | Food Industry, Cosmetics, Perfumery | None known |
Helichrysum
(helichrysum italicum) | Immortelle, Everlasting, St. John's Herb | Chamomile, Lavender, Oakmoss, Clary sage | Steam distillation of the fresh flowers and flower tops | Mediterranean, No. Africa Spain and France | Fixative for fragrancing Soaps, Cosmetics, and Perfumes | None known |
Ho-Wood
(cinnamomum camphora) | True Camphor, Hon-Sho | Basil, Cajeput, and Chamomile | Steam distillation of wood, roots, and branches | China | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | Use with care, a marine pollutant, and environmental hazard |
Inula, Sweet
(inula graveolens) | Inula, Elecampane, Scabwort | ---- | Steam distillation of roots | From Nova Scotia to No. Carolina USA | Pharmaceutical | Not known |
Jasmine Absolute
(jasminum grandiflora) | Jessamine, Common Jasmine, Poet's Jessamine | Rose, Neroli, Sandalwood, Clove, Lemon, Petitgrain, and Bay | Solvent extraction produces an absolute | France, Egypt, China, Algeria, Morocco | Perfumery, Cosmetics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Juniperberry
(juniperus communis) | Common Juniper | Rosemary, Lemon, Pine, Frankincense, Vetiver, and Mandarin | Steam distillation of berries | Europe, No. America, No. Asia, No. Africa | Perfumery, Food Indus, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Lavender 40/42 (Standard)
(lavandula angustifolium) | True Lavender, Garden Lavender, Common Lavender | German Chamomile, Black Pepper, Marjoram, Cedarwood, Lemongrass, and Tea Tree | Steam distillation of flowering tops | England, France, Yugoslavia, Italy | Perfumery, Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Lavender, High Altitude
(lavandula angustifolium) | Mountain Lavender | Bergamot, Chamomile, Citronella, Lemon, and Pine | Steam distillation of flowering tops | France | Perfumery, Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Lemon
(citrus limonum) | Cedro Oil | All Essential Oils | Cold pressing of peel | Brazil, Israel, U.S., Argentina | Food Indus, Cosmetics, Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant. Avoid use during sun exposure. |
Lemongrass
(cymbopogon flexuous) | French Indian Verbena, West Indian Lemongrass, Madagascar Lemongrass | Basil, Cypress, Fennel, Tea Tree and Rosemary | Steam distillation of fresh and dried leaves | Brazil, Sri Lanka, Central Africa | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant |
Lime
(citrus aurantifolia) | Mexican Lime, West Indian Lime, Sour Lime | Neroli, Citronella, Lavender, Rosemary, Clary Sage, and all other Citrus EO's | Cold pressing of peel | Brazil, Mexico, Italy, West Indies, U.S. | Confectionery, Food Industry, Perfumery | Do not use during sun exposure. |
Litsea Cubeba
(litsea cubeba) | May Chang, Exotic Verbena, Tropical Verbena | Eucalyptus, Cedarwood, Tea Tree, Vetiver, and Grapefruit | Steam distillation of the fruits | China, Java, Viet Nam | Perfumery,
Food Industry | None known |
Marjoram, Sweet
(origanum marjorama) | Knotted Marjoram | Fennel, Juniper, Cypress, Clary Sage, and Tea Tree | Steam distillation of dried flowering herb | Hungary, Egypt, Spain, France, Germany | Food Industry, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Myrrh
(commiphora myrrha) | Sum Myrrh, Common Myrrh, Hirabol Myrrh, Myrrha | Frankincense, Sandalwood, Cypress, Rosemary, and Vetiver | Steam distillation of oleoresin-gum | Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Southern Arabia | Perfumery, Cosmetics, Incense | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Myrtle
(myrtus communis) | Corsican Pepper | Clary sage, Lavender, Lavandin, Bay, Lime | Steam distillation of leaves and twigs | North Africa, Mediterranean, Spain, Italy | Perfumery, Food industry | None known |
Neroli
(citrus aurantium) | Orange Blossom, Orange Flower, Neroli Bigarade | Roman Chamomile, Mandarin, Petitgrain, Jasmine, Ylang-Ylang, and Ginger | Solvent extraction produces an absolute | France, Egypt, Italy, Morocco, Tunisia | Perfumery, Cosmetics, Food Industry | None known |
Niaouli
(melaleuca viridiflora) | Gomenol | Peppermint, Sweet Orange, Juniper | Steam distillation of leaves and young twigs | Australia, French Pacific Islands | Pharmaceutical, Perfumery | None known |
Nutmeg
(myristica fragrans) | Myristica, Mace, Macis | Lavender, Bay, Peru Balsam, Orange, Geranium, and Coriander | Steam distillation of dried seed | Java, Sumatra, Indonesia, West Indies | Food Industry, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Oakmoss
(evernia prunastri) | Mousse de Chene, Treemoss | Citrus oils, Pine, Vetiver | Solvent extraction from the lichen | USA, France, Bulgaria | Perfumery | May irritate skin |
Orange, Mandarin
(citrus nobilis) | European Mandarin, True Mandarin, Tangerine, Satsuma | Bay, Rose, Eucalyptus, Patchouli, Ginger, and other Citrus EO's | Cold pressing of peel | Italy, Brazil, Spain, Argentina, China | Food Industry, Perfumery | None known |
Orange, Sweet
(citrus aurantium) | China Orange, Portugal Orange | Litsea Cubeba, Marjoram, Clove, Nutmeg, and other Citrus EO's | Cold pressing of peel | United States, Brazil, France, Spain | Food Industry, Perfumery | Do not use during sun exposure. |
Oregano, Spanish
(thymus capitatus) | Oreganum, Israeli Oreganum, Cretan Thyme, Corido Thyme, Conehead Thyme, Headed Savory | Lavandin, Oakmoss, Pine, Lavender | Steam distillation of dried flowering tops | Spain, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey | Food industry | Skin irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Origanum (Common Oregano)
(origanum vulgare) | European Oregano, Wild Marjoram, Common Marjoram, Grove Marjoram, Joy of-the-Mountain | Lavender, Bay, Bergamot, Cypress, Lemon, and Tea Tree | Steam distillation of dried flowering herb | North Africa, Europe, Egypt, Asia | Food Industry | Skin irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Palmarosa
(cymbopogon martini) | East Indian Geranium, Turkish Geranium, Indian Rosha, Motia | Geranium, Grapefruit, Clary Sage, Sandalwood, Frankincense, and Clove | Steam distillation fresh grass | Brazil, Central America | Perfumery, Cosmetics | None known |
Parsley Seed
(petroselimun sativum) | Common Parsley, Garden Parsley | Rose, Orange Blossom, Tea Tree, Clary Sage | Steam distillation of the seeds | Greece, California USA, Hungary | Food Industry | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Patchouli (East Indian)
(pogostemon cablin) | Patchouly, Puchaput | Mandarin, Ylang-Ylang, Jasmine, Myrrh, Rose, and Cinnamon | Steam distillation of dried leaves | China, Indonesia, Madagascar, Japan | Perfumery, Cosmetics | None known |
Pennyroyal
(mentha pulegium) | Pulegium, European Pennyroyal, Pudding Grass | Geranium, Rosemary, Sage, and Citronella | Steam distillation of fresh or dried herb | Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Portugal | Household Uses, Perfumery | External use only. Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Peppermint, Natural
(mentha piperita) | Same as below, except in its natural state. | Pine, Geranium, Rosemary, Lavender, Cypress, Ravensara | Same as below | Same as below | Same as below | Same as below |
Peppermint
(mentha piperita) | Brandy Mint, Balm Mint (the "re-distillation" process removes the harshness) | Basil, Lemon, Cypress, Niaouli, Black Pepper, and Tea Tree | Steam distillation of flowering herb | America, Europe, China | Food Industry, Pharmaceutics | Skin Irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Petitgrain
(citrus aurantium) | Pititgrain Bigarade, Petitgrain Paraguay | Marjoram, Neroli, Palmarosa, Ylang-Ylang, Orange, and Basil | Steam distillation of leaves and twigs | France, Italy, Paraguay, Brazil | Perfumery, Cosmetics | None known |
Pine Needle
(pine sylvestris) | Mountain Pine, Swiss Pine, Pine | Clary Sage, Lavender, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, and Cedarwood | Steam distillation of needles and twigs | Europe, USSR, North America | Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant |
Ravensara
(ravensara aromatica) | Unknown | Chamomile, Lavender, and Pine | Steam distillation of the leaves | Australia, Madagascar | Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing. |
Rose Absolute
(rosa centifolia) | Rose Maroc, Cabbage Rose, French Rose, Moroccan Otto, Rose de Mai | Chamomile, Geranium, Orange, Sandalwood | Solvent extraction of fresh petals | USSR, Bulgaria, France | Perfumery, Cosmetics | None known |
Rose Otto
rosa damascena) | Summer Damask Rose, Bulgarian Rose, Otto of Rose | Jasmine, Neroli, Lavender, Clary Sage, Sandalwood, and Patchouli | Solvent extraction of fresh petals | Bulgaria, Turkey, India, France | Perfumery, Cosmetics | None known |
Rosemary, Spanish
(rosemarinus officinalis) | Compass Plant | Lemon, Lavender, Peppermint, Tea Tree, Cypress, and Litsea Cubeba | Steam distillation of fresh, flowering tops | Spain, France, Yugoslavia, Japan | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing, or if high blood pressure exists, or if epileptic. |
Rosewood
(aniba rosaedora) | Bois de Rose, Brazilian Rosewood | Most other EO's, especially Citrus EO's | Steam distillation of wood chips | Brazil, Peru | Food Industry, Perfumery, Cosmetics | None known |
Sage, Common (Dalmatian)
(salvia officinalis) | Garden Sage, True Sage, Dalmatian Sage | Rosemary, Lavender, Pine, Citronella, and Cedarwood | Steam distillation of the dried leaves | Mediterranean, Albania, China, USA | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | Do not use while pregnant or nursing, or if high blood pressure exists, or if epileptic. |
Sage, Spanish
(salvia lavendulaefolia) | Lavender-leaved Sage | Rosemary, Lavandin, Lavender, Pine, Eucalyptus | Steam distillation of the leaves | Spain, France, Yugoslavia | Soaps, Cosmetics, Toiletries, Food Industry | Avoid during pregnancy |
Sandalwood
(santalum album) | White/Yellow Sandalwood, Mysore Sandalwood, Santal, Sanders-Wood | Mandarin, Lavender, Clary Sage, Ylang-Ylang, Rose, and Palmarosa | Steam distillation of the roots and heartwood | India, Indonesia | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | External use only |
Spearmint
(mentha specata) | Common Spearmint, Garden Spearmint, Spire Mint, Green Mint, Lamb Mint, Pea Mint, Fish Mint | Basil, Grapefruit and Rosemary | Steam distillation from the flowering tops | Europe, Mediterranean, Russia, United States | Food Indus, Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Spruce
(tsuga canadensi) | Hemlock Spruce, Eastern Hemlock, Common Hemlock, Spruce | Pine, Cedarwood, Lavender, and Rosemary | Steam distillation from needles and twigs | Austria | Perfumery, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Tagettes
(tagetes minuta) | Tagette, Taget, Marigold, Mexican Marigold, wrongly called "Calendula" | Clary Sage, Lavender, Jasmine, Bergamot and other Citrus Oils | Steam distillation of the fresh flowering herb | So. America, Mexico, Africa, Europe, Asia, No. America | Pharmaceutics, Perfumery, Flavoring Tobacco, Food Industry | Skin sensitivity |
Tangerine
(citrus reticulata) | Tangello | Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, and Lavender | Cold pressing of the peel | United States, Spain, Brazil, Italy, China | Food Industry, Perfumery | None known |
Tea Tree
(melaleuca alternifolia) | Narrow-leaved Paperbark, Ti-Tree, Ti-Trol, Melasol | Basil, Oregano, Peppermint, Red Thyme, White Thyme, and Lavender | Steam distillation of the leaves and twigs | Australia, Tasmania | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | None known |
Thuja (Cedar Leaf)
(thuja occidentalis) | Swamp Cedar, White Cedar, Tree of Life, American Arborvitae | Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Neroli, and Palmarosa | Steam distillation of the leaves, twigs, bark | North America, France | Pharmaceutics | External use only |
Thyme, Red
(thymus vulgaris) | Garden Thyme | Geranium, Grapefruit, Clary Sage, Palmarosa, Lemon, and Cypress | Steam distillation of fresh leaves, tops | Mediterranean, Egypt, Algeria, Turkey, Asia Minor | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing, or if high blood pressure exists. |
Thyme, White
(thymus vulgaris) | French Thyme | Geranium, Grapefruit, Clary Sage, Palmarosa, Lemon, and Cypress | Steam distillation of fresh leaves, tops | Mediterranean, Egypt, Israel, USA, Russia, Israel, Greece | Veterinary, Pharmaceutics | Skin irritant. Do not use while pregnant or nursing or if high blood pressure exists. |
| Verbena (lippa citriodora) | Lemon Verbena, Herb Louisa, Spanish Verbena | Neroli, Palmarosa, Olibanum, Balsam, Lemon, and other Citrus Oils | Steam distillation of freshly gathered herb | Spain, Chile, Argentina, France, Tunisia, Algeria, Kenya, and China | Perfumery | Could cause skin sensitivity to bright sunlight. |
Vetiver
(vetiveria zizanoides) | Vetivert, Khus-Khus | Patchouli, Sandalwood, Lemon, Orange, Melissa, Rose, and Bergamot | Steam distillation of the root | Indonesia, Philippines, Comoro Islands | Perfumery | None known |
Wintergreen
(gaultheria procumbens) | Aromatic Wintergreen, Checkerberry, Teaberry, Gaultheria | Oregano, Peppermint, Thyme, and Ylang Ylang | Steam distillation of decomposed leaves | North America, Canada | Perfumery, Cosmetics, Pharmaceutics | Industrial use only |
Yarrow
(achillea millefolium) | Milfoil, Common Yarrow, Nosebleed, Thousand Leaf | Cedarwood, Pine, Chamomile, Vetiver, Oakmoss | Steam distillation of the dried herb | Eurasia, No. America, Germany, Hungary, France, Africa | Pharmaceutical bath preparations, Perfumery, Alcohol industry | None known |
Ylang Ylang
(cananga odorata) | Flower of Flowers | Rosewood, Jasmine, Vetiver, Peru Balsam, and Bergamot | Steam distillation of freshly picked flowers | Indonesia, Philippines, Comoro Islands | Perfumery | Can cause headaches or nausea. |
